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Rosa Parks
(1913-2005) was an African-American
civil rights activist whom the U.S.
Congress later called "Mother of the
Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement." On
December 1, 1955, Parks became famous
for refusing to obey bus driver James
Blake's order that she give up her seat.
This action of civil disobedience
started the Montgomery Bus Boycott,
which is one of the largest movements
against racial segregation. She has had
a lasting legacy worldwide.
Coretta Scott King
(1927-2006) was the wife of civil
rights activist Dr. Martin Luther King,
Jr. A noted community leader, she
received the Congressional Gold Medal
for the extremely important role she
played in the Civil Rights Movement of
the 1960s and for her continued work to
promote the principles of nonviolence
following the assassination of her
husband. In 1968, she founded the Martin
Luther King Jr. Center for Non-Violent
Social Change in Atlanta, Georgia to
honor Dr. King's memory and she worked
for years to make her husband's birth
date on January 15 into a national
holiday, a quest that was realized in
1986.
Judge Constance
Baker Motley (1921-2005) was an
African-American civil rights activist,
lawyer, federal judge, and New York
state senator. After receiving a law
degree from Columbia Law School in 1946,
Motley began her legal career as a law
clerk with the NAACP Legal Defense and
Education Fund. As the NAACP's lead
trial attorney, she was a key legal
strategist in the civil rights movement,
helping to desegregate Southern schools,
buses and lunch counters. In 1950 Motley
wrote the original complaint in the case
of Brown v. Board of Education. The
first African-American woman ever to
argue a case before the U.S. Supreme
Court, in Meredith v. Fair she
successfully won James Meredith's effort
to be the first black student to attend
the University of Mississippi. Motley
was successful in nine of the ten cases
she argued before the Supreme Court. The
tenth decision, regarding jury
composition, was eventually overturned
in her favor. She continued to break new
ground in 1964, when Motley became the
first African-American woman elected to
the New York State Senate. In 1965, she
was chosen Manhattan Borough President -
the first woman and first
African-American in that position. In
1966, President Johnson named her a
federal court judge - the first
African-American woman so named - where
she continued (including a term as chief
judge) until her death. At the time of
her death, she was a district judge for
the United States District Court
Southern District of New York. She was
inducted into the National Women's Hall
of Fame in 1993 and was awarded the
Spingarn Medal in 2003, the NAACP's
highest honor.
Shirley Anita
St. Hill Chisholm (1924-2005) was an
American politician, educator and
author. In 1968, she became the first
African-American woman elected to
Congress and represented New York's 12th
district for seven terms, from
1968-1983. On January 23, 1972, she
became the first African-American
candidate to run for President of the
United States. She won 162 delegates. To
date she is the closest any woman has
ever come to winning the nomination for
President by a major party.
Estella Susie
Mitchell Adams (1899-1969), the
mother of GMF founder and artistic
director Armenta Adams Hummings, is
recognized for her parenting and
leadership skills. Born in West Elton,
Ohio, as one of 11 children reared on a
farm, Estella had a dream as a child to
have two things: a fine tablecloth and a
piano. Estella worked in a laundry when
her family moved to Cleveland, where she
met and married Albert Adams, a minister
who had the gift of healing. After
starting a family, Albert, who had
finished Johnson C. Smith University,
declined a scholarship to Western
Reserve Medical School and worked in a
metals factory to provide for his
family. Estella got the piano and took
lessons right along with her children.
Practicing the piano was a normal way of
life. "I was listening to the piano
before I was born," says her daughter.
Both parents were church musicians and
loved music, especially classical music
(Albert played the violin). When Armenta
was 4 and her brother, Elwyn, was 7, her
parents arranged for the children to
take piano and violin lessons during the
school year at the New England
Conservatory in Boston, Massachusetts.
Now Elwyn Adams is a violinist and
professor at the University of Florida
in Gainesville. "My mother enrolled
right along with us, took lessons and
learned to play the great masters,
though she had only finished third grade
in a one-room schoolhouse," recalls
Hummings. "Dad's health would not allow
him to living in New England. He kept
our house in Cleveland and they endured
a school year separation. We went home
during the summer." Gateways salutes
parents who sacrificed and did all they
could to nurture and support the
development of their children's musical
gifts.
Amadi Hummings,
a conductor and violist, has performed
as a soloist and orchestral musician in
cities throughout the USA, South
American, Canada, Asia, and the
Caribbean. He is on faculty of James
Madison University Music School and has
taught at Old Dominion University, the
Atlanta University Center and the summer
faculties of the Brevard Music School.
He has conducted the Old Dominion
University Chamber Orchestra, Atlanta
University Center Orchestra and
currently is Music Director of the
Harlem Symphony Orchestra.
Paul Badura-Skoda
is one of the most important pianist of
our time. This legendary artist has been
heard in all of the world's greatest
concert halls and for years was the
pianist who had the largest number of
records available in the market. His
musical personality is characterized by
complete immersion in music, a
passionate search for the essential, and
a sense of artistic responsibility. Paul
Badura-Skoda has recorded a cast
repertoire - more than 200 LPs and
dozens of compact discs and performs
with equal authority on both period and
modern instruments. He was a pioneer in
proposing the use of period pianos in
performance. His profound knowledge of
instruments from Bach's and Mozart's
time, up to the present, has given him
the capacity to extract from modern
instruments a quality of sound that
never fails to amaze audiences and
critics' alike.
Jordan W. Thomas,
17, is principal harpist for the
Philadelphia Youth Orchestra and a
member of the West Chester Harp
Ensemble, Philadelphia High School for
Creative and Performing Arts Ensemble
and Orchestra, and Philadelphia All-City
High School Orchestra. At 9, he began
playing private harp lessons with Celtic
Harpist, Ellen Tepper, and since 2005
has studied with classical and jazz
harpist Gloria Galante. He was a
featured soloist with the Ocean City
Pops of NJ, performing Mozart's Harp and
Flute Concerto; and performed Berlioz's
Harold in Italy with violist, Roberto
Diaz.
Mari-Yan
Pringle is one of America's young
sopranos to watch. The Queens' native
recently completed her studies at the
Eastman School of Music where she
studied with Carol Webber. She also is a
graduate of Spelman College in Atlanta,
where she studied with Laura
English-Robinson. Currently, Pringle
studies with Joan Lader in New York
City. She performed with the Rochester
Philharmonic Orchestra's Rising Stars
Concert and sang roles of Mozart's
Donna Anna in Don Giovanni and
Mme. Lidoine in the Eastam
Production of Poulenc's Dialogues of
the Carmelites. She has also
performed scenes from Britten's Turn
of the Screw (Mrs. Grose) and
Puccini's Madama Butterfly (Cio-Cio
San) at the Music Academy of the West.
Nkeiru Okoye,
an exciting African-American voice in
the symphonic field in both classical
music and educational repertoire, has
performed with orchestras in the United
States, Europe and Asia. Born and raised
in New York City, she is a graduate of
Oberlin Conservatory. She received the
Master's and Doctoral Degrees in
composition and theory from Rutgers
University. Her best known pieces
include Voices Shouting Out, an
orchestral short; The Journey of
Phillis Wheatley, a narrated
demonstration piece; and African
sketches for piano. Okoye
specializes in writing works for
multicultural audiences. Her work is
noted for its accessible style and
combination of contemporary, classical,
African-American, and popular music, as
well as West African influences. In her
score, The Genesis, she uses the
orchestra to imitate a talking drum
ensemble.
George Walker
is an internationally known composer,
pianist and educator. In 1946, Walker
composed his String Quartet No. 1.
The second movement of this work,
entitled Lyric for Strings, has
become the most frequently performed
orchestral work by a living American
composer. In 1950, George Walker became
the first black instrumentalist to be
signed by a major management, the
National Concert Artists. George Walker
has taught at various institutions
including Dillard University, Dalacroze
School of Music, University of Colorado,
Rutgers University and John Hopkins
University. George Walker has published
over 90 works for orchestra, chamber
orchestra, piano, strings, organ,
woodwinds and chorus. |